Hope Predicts Happiness with Life, Personal Well-Being, and Resilience Among Selected School-going Filipino Adolescents

Authors

  • Nephtaly Joel Botor Assistant Professor, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines

Keywords:

adolescence, hope, happiness, well-being, resilience.

Abstract

Adolescence is a unique life stage where individuals face challenging and diverse psychosocial issues. It is therefore essential to continuously explore variables through which positive psychological outcomes can be fostered among adolescents. The present study, thus, explored the relationship among desirable psychosocial variables; namely, hope, happiness, personal well-being, and resilience. It aimed to investigate if hope and its components—pathway and agency—predict levels of happiness with life, personal well-being, and resilience in a group of purposively selected school-going Filipino adolescents (n=170), who participated in an adolescent development activity organized in a university in Laguna, Philippines. Upon analysis of data, descriptive statistics showed moderate to high levels of hope, happiness, and overall personal well-being, while low-average level of resilience. Correlation analysis, on the other hand, revealed positive relationships among study variables. Furthermore, regression analysis established that overall hope significantly predicts general happiness, overall personal well-being, and resilience.  It also showed that only agency was a significant positive predictor of general happiness and overall personal well-being. Hope and its two components were, on the other hand, all positive predictors of resilience. At the end of this paper, directions for research and interventions to foster hope, well-being, and resilience among the youth are discussed.

References

United Nations Children’s Fund. The state of the world’s children 2011: Adolescence, an age of opportunity. New York: United Nations. 2011.

M. P. Ferido, N. J. Botor & Dy, M. R. “Risks in adolescence, perceived causes and potential interventions: Interfacing home and school perceptions.” The Journal of Philippine Association for Technology in Home Economics in State Colleges and Universities, Inc. 2015.

M. Willgerodt. 2008. Family and peer influences on adjustment among Chinese, Filipino and White youth. Nursing Research, 57, 6, 395-405.

K. Dodge & N. Gonzales. “Family and peer influences on adolescent behavior and risk-taking.” Paper presented at IOM Committee on the Science of Adolescence Workshop, Washington, DC. 2009.

P. L. Benson & K. Pittman. “Moving the youth development message: Turning a vague idea into a moral imperative.” In P. L. Benson & K. J. Pittman (Eds.), Trends in youth development: Visions, realities, and challenges (pp. vii–xii). Norwell, MA. 2001.

P. L. Benson, P. C. Scales, S. F. Hamilton, A. Sesma Jr. Positive Youth Development: Theory, Research, and Applications. In Handbook of Child Psychology: Theoretical Models of Human Development, 6th ed.; R. M. Lerner, W. Damon, Eds.; John Wiley & Sons Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2006; pp. 894–941. ISBN 0471272884.

R. S. Lazarus. (1999). “Hope: An emotion and a vital coping resource against despair.” Social Research: Hope and Despair, 66(2), pp. 653-678. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971343.

C. R. Snyder (1995). “Conceptualizing, measuring and nurturing hope.” Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 3, 355-360. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01764.x. [June 29, 2019]

C. R. Snyder, C. Harris, J. R. Anderson, S. A. Holleran, L. M. Irving, S. T. Sigmon, L. Yoshinobu, J. Gibb, C. Langelle, & P. Harney. “The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 4, 570-85. 1991.

C. R. Snyder, S. J. Lopez, H. S. Shorey, K. L. Rand, & D. B. Feldman, D. B. “ Hope theory, measurements and applications to school psychology.” School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 2, 122-139. 2003.

A. Bernardo (2010). “Extending hope theory: Internal and external locus of trait hope.” Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), pp. 994-949. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.036. [June 28, 2019]

M. F. Valle, E. S. Hubner, & S. M. Suldo. (2006). “An analysis of hope as a psychological strength.” Journal of School Psychology, 44, 393-406.

N. S. M. Kintanar & A. B. I. Bernardo (2013). “Hope and internal working models of the Self and Others: A correlational study on Filipino adolescents.” Psychological Studies, 58(1). Available: doi: 10.1007/s12646-012-0174-6 [June 29, 2019].

N. J. B. Botor. “Hope and meaning in life as predictors of depression in a group of selected Filipino adolescents.” The Journal of Philippine Association for Technology in Home Economics in State Colleges and Universities, Inc. pp. _____. 2015.

N. J. B. Botor. “Self-esteem and perceived social support as correlates of hope among selected undergraduate adolescents.” The Journal of Philippine Association for Technology in Home Economics in State Colleges and Universities, Inc. pp. 90-100. 2016.

O. N. Medvedev & C. E. Landhuis (2018). “Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life.” PeerJ. DOI 10.7717/peerj.4903.

E. Diener. 2006. “Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being.” Journal of Happiness Studies 7(4):397–404 DOI 10.1007/s10902-006-9000-y.

World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Group. 1995. “The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization.” Social Science and Medicine 41(10):1403–1409.

T. B. Kashdan, R. Biswas-Diener, & L. A. King. 2008. “Reconsidering happiness: the costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia.” Journal of Positive Psychology 3(4):219–233 DOI 10.1080/17439760802303044.

P. Hills, & M. Argyle. 2002. “The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being.” Personality and Individual Differences 33(7):1073–1082 DOI 10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00213-6.

R. A. Cummins. “The domains of life satisfaction: An attempt to order chaos.” Social Indicators Research, 38, 303-332. 1996

R. A., Cummins, R. Eckersley, J. Pallant, J. Van Vugt & R. Misajon. “Developing a national index of subjective wellbeing: The Australian Unity Wellbeing Index.” Social Indicators Research, 64, 159-190. 2002.

A. L. D. Lau, R. A. Cummins, & W. McPherson. “An investigation into the cross-cultural equivalence of the Personal Wellbeing Index.” Social Indicators Research, 72, 403-432. 2005

J. A. D. Alfonso & J. P. M Valdez (2012). “Exploring Filipino adolescents’ conception of happiness.” International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology: Special Issue on Positive Psychology, 1 (3), 21-29. Available: http://consortiacademia.org/wp-content/uploads/IJRSP/IJRSP_v1i3/251-1009-1-PB.pdf. [June 30, 2019].

J. C. Navarez. “Presence of meaning, search for meaning, and happiness among Filipino college students,” presented at the DLSU Research Congress 2017, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, 2017. Available: De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines June 20 to 22, 2017 [June 30, 2019]

J. A. D. Datu & G. S. N. Lizada. “Interdependent happiness is associated with higher levels of behavioral and emotional engagement among Filipino university students.” Philippine Journal of Psychology, 51(1), 63-80. 2018.

J. A. Perez (2012). “Gender difference in psychological well-being among Filipino college student samples.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(13), 84-93. Available: http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_13_July_2012/8.pdf. [June 30, 2019].

American Psychological Association (2017). The Road to Resilience. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx.

Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015). A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 18-27.

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18: 76-82.

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International journal of behavioral medicine, 15(3), 194-200.

P. S. Docena (2015). “Adaptive coping, resilience, and absence of anxiety among displaced disaster survivors.” Philippine Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 27-49. Available: https://www.pap.org.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/PJP1502_Final_2Docena.pdf. [July 2, 2019]

M. L. G. Adviento, & J. M. D. de Guzman (2010). “Community resilience during typhoon Ondoy: The case of Ateneoville.” Philippine Journal of Psychology, 43(1), 101-113. Available: http://lynchlibrary.pssc.org.ph:8081/bitstream/handle/0/1538/08_Community%20Resilience%20During%20Typhoon%20Ondoy_%20The%20Case%20of%20Ateneoville.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. [July 1, 2019].

D. Wartenweiler (2017). “Negotiating the streets: Hidden resilience among grown-up street children in Manila.” Philippine Journal of Psychology, 50(1), 47-75. Available: https://www.pap.org.ph/sites/default/files/upload/pjp2017-50-1-pp47-75-wartenweiler-negotiating_the_streeets._hidden_resilience_among_grown-up_street_children_in_manila.pdf. [July 1, 2019].

M. R. M. Hechanova, L. C. Waelde, P. S. Docena, L. P. Alampay, A. S. Alianan, M. J. B. Flores, P. A. P. Ramos, & M. I. E. Melgar (2015). “The development and initial evaluation of Katatagan: A resilience intervention for Filipino disaster.” Philippine Journal of Psychology, 48 (2), 105-132. Available: https://www.pap.org.ph/sites/default/files/pdf/PJP1502_Final_5Hechanova_et_al.pdf [June 30, 2019].

J. Flores, I. Melgar, R. Guiang, Q. Jopson, P. Docena, J. Fornillos, & M. Pan. “ Katatagan: Developing Resilience among college students in Tacloban.” Paper presented in the 51st Annual Convention of the Psychological Association of the Philippines, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. 2014.

H. Saricam (2015). “Subjective happiness and hope.” Universitas Psychologica, 14(2), 685-694. http://dx.doi.org.10.1H44/Javeri-ana.upsy14-1.shah. Available: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-92672015000200023. [June 29, 2019].

R. Rymbai, & S. M. Sungoh (2016). “Hope and happiness of female post graduate students.” International Education and Research Journal, 2(1). Available: http://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/view/493/465>. [July 1, 2019].

N. Hasnain, S. W. Wazid, & Z. Hasan (2014). “Optimism, hope, and happiness as correlates of psychological well-being among young adult Assamese males and females.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(2), 44-51. Available: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b433/cdc85e06636aac653bb066db97bf32107846.pdf. [June 29, 2019]

M. N. Kirmani, P. Sharma, M. Anas, & R. Sanam. (2015). “Hope, resilience and subjective well-being among college-going adolescent girls.” International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies (IJHSSS), 2(1), 262-270. Available: http://oaji.net/articles/2015/1115-1438581068.pdf [June 30, 2019].

J. Vartak. (2015). “The role of hope and social support on resilience in cancer patients.” Indian Journal of Mental Health, 2(1), 35-42. Available: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b103/297b9ca81bac431a5d90074c61751ad8f479.pdf [June 30, 2019].

Philippine Senate. 2017. “Republic Act No. 11036: Mental Health Act” Available: http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2018/06jun/20180620-RA-11036-RRD.pdf. [June 29, 2019].

JASP Team (2018). JASP (Version 0.10.0) [Computer software].

W. Meeus, R. van de Schoot, L. Keijser, & S. Branje (2012). “Identity statuses as developmental trajectories: A five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1008-1021. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394234/pdf/10964_2011_Article_9730.pdf [June 30, 2019]

M. Verschueren, J. Rassart, L. Claes, P. Moons, & K. Luyckx. (2017). “Identity statuses throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood: A large-scale study into gender, age, and contextual differences.” Psychologica Belgica, 57(1), pp. 32–42, Available: https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.348. [July 2, 2019].

S. Madan & K. I. Pakenham. (2014) “The stress-buffering effects of hope on adjustment to multiple sclerosis.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Available: DOI 10.1007/s12529-013-9384-0. [June 30, 2019]

L. J. Long & M. W. Gallagher. (2017). “Hope and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” Oxford Handbooks Online. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.24. [June 30, 2019].

J. Ciarrochi, P. Parker, T. B. Kashdan, P. C.L. Heaven & E. Barkus (2015). “Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences.” The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice. DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1015154 [July 2, 2019].

Downloads

Published

2019-07-20

How to Cite

Joel Botor, N. (2019). Hope Predicts Happiness with Life, Personal Well-Being, and Resilience Among Selected School-going Filipino Adolescents. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 47(2), 125–141. Retrieved from https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/10159

Issue

Section

Articles