To Profile Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug-Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns of Naive HIV Positive Patients from Machakos Level 5 Hospital

Authors

  • Mr. Stanley Kiprop PG Student, Biomedical Science, University of Eastern Africa Baraton, P.O.BOX. 2500-30100 Eldoret, Kenya
  • Dr. Gracelyn P. Francis Lecturer, Department of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, University of Eastern Africa, Baraton, P.O.BOX 2500 – 30100 Eldoret, Kenya
  • Dr. Mutemi Muthangya Lecturer, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O.BOX 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya

Keywords:

Anti retroviral therapy, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Abstract

This study focused on Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase drug-resistance profiling and the susceptibility patterns for the plasma samples obtained from HIV-positive naïve patients enrolled at Machakos Level 5 Hospital. The research's specific objectives were to profile resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor drugs and then identify the markers for resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. This study used an experimental research design; DNA was extracted from the plasma samples, and PCR was amplified using polymerase-gene specific primers and later Gel electrophoresis. Then finally, cycle sequencing of the polymerase (pol) gen. The amplified products were sequenced, and drug-resistant mutations were determined using Los Alamos HIV DR database. All amplified samples from the PCR had the gel cut/excised and cleaned using the QIA quick gel extraction kit protocol. Sequences with high relatedness were fetched in a FASTA format and aligned using the Mega Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) software version 10 using the Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithm and the 1000 Bootstrap resampling algorithm. The main HIV strain detected in this study was the HIV A1 subtype, the major sub-subtype in Kenya. No other subtypes were noted in the study.

Regarding NRTIs, the major mutation noted was D67E which indicated inadequate level, zidovudine resistance, and drug susceptibility to abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir noted with no resistance to NNRTIs. However, there were minor mutations noted. Drug resistance mutations were found in high numbers associated with viral load and treatment time. Importantly, patients with triple and dual-class drug resistance should immediately alter ART regimens to alter the possibility of transmitting multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.

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Published

2022-06-11

How to Cite

Mr. Stanley Kiprop, Dr. Gracelyn P. Francis, & Dr. Mutemi Muthangya. (2022). To Profile Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Drug-Resistance and Susceptibility Patterns of Naive HIV Positive Patients from Machakos Level 5 Hospital. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 62(2), 366–379. Retrieved from https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/14156

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