Analysis of the Porites Coral Reef Growth Based on Natural Causes in Central Tapanuli Sub Region, North Sumatra Indonesia
Keywords:
Coral Reef growth rate, Earthquake, Climatology.Abstract
The drilling of the Porites Coral Reef type in Ungge Island, Tapanuli Sub Region, and North Sumatra Indonesia was carried out by using a hand drill Pneumatic at the depth of 5 m. The aim of the research is to analyze the growth of annual ring formed at dry and rainy seasons from 1997-2012, based on two natural causes:
References
Burke, kathLeen reytar, Mark Spalding, allison perry etall, (2012), Menengok Kembali Terumbu Karang yang Terancam di Segitiga Terumbu Karang, World Resources Institute,USA.
Veron,( 2008), A Reef in time, Australian institute of marine sceince, Printed in USA
Charuchinda, M.and H.Chansang (1985). Skeleton extension and banding formation of porites lutea of fringing reefs along the south and west co asts of Phucket Island. Co Proc.5th .Int. Coral Reef Cong., tahiti,6 : 83-87.
Brown. B.E., Tissier M.Le, Howard L.S, (1986) Charuchinda M, and Jckson J.A, Asynchronous deposition of dense skeletal bands in Porites lutea, 93-89.
Brachert, Reuter, Kruger, Bocker, Lohmann, and Kraus, (2013), Density Banding in Corals: Barcodes of Past and Current Climate Change, Jurnal of Coral 32: 1013-1023
Wilkinson, david Souter, Jeremy Goldberg,(2006), Status Terumbu Karang Di Negara
Glassom David, (2014), Coral Reefs and Climate Change, Global Environmental Change DOI 10.1007/987-94-007-5784-4_43
Harrison, P. L. , Dalton, S.J. , and Carroll, A. G. (2011), Extensive coral bleaching on the world
Buddemeier W.R, (2004), coral reef and global climate change, potential contributions of climate change to stresses on coral reef ecosystem.
Fiit,W.K, McFarland, M.E,Warner, and dunne, (2001), coral bleaching interpretation of thermal tolerance limits and thermal threshold in tropical coral, coral Reefs 20 :51-65.
Glynn,P.W, J.L,Mate, A.C,Baker, and M.O Calderon, (2001),Coral bleacing and mortality in Panama and Ecuador during the 1997-1998 ElNino-Southern Oscillation event, Bulletin of marine science 69:79-109.
Reyes-Bonilla, H, and J.D. Carriquiry AE, (2002), Effect of The El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the anti
Ali Arman, Neviaty P.Zamani,dan Tsuyoshi Watanabe, (2013), Studi Penentuan Umur dan Laju Pertumbuhan Terumbu Karang terkait dengan Perubahan Iklim Ekstrim Menggunakan Sinar-X, Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi A Scientific Journal for The Applications of Isotopes and Radiation
Lough, J.M and Barner,D.J (1992), Comparisons of skeletal density variations in porites from the central great barrier reef. Journal of experimental marine biologi and ecology, 155-1-25.
Zicheng PENG, Junhua LIU, and Chenglin ZHOU, (2006), Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites luteafrom Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and econimic factors, Chinese Jurnal of Geochemistry, Vol 25 No 2.
Carricart-Ganiver,J.P.,(2009) Gondalez-Diaz P, Growth characteristics of skeleton of Montastraea annularis from the northwest coast of Cuba. Ciencias Marinas, 35(2):237-243.
Carricart-Ganiver,J.P., (2007) Annual density banding in massive coral skeleton result of growth strategies to in habit reefs with high microborer
Elizalde-Rendon E. M., G. Horta-Puga, P.Gonzales-Diaz, and Carricart-Ganivet J. P., 2010, Growth Characteristic of The Reef-Building Coral Porites Asteroides Under Different Environmental Conditions in The Western Atlantic, Jurnal of Coral, 29: 607-614.
Deng wenfeng, Wei Gangjian, and Mc Culloch Malcom, (2014), Evaluation of Annual Resolution Coral Geochemical Records As Climate Proxies in The Great Barrier of Australia, Jurnal of Coral 33: 965-977
Al-Rousan Saber, Al-Shoul Rasheed, Al-Horani Fuad, Abu-Hilal Ahmad, (2012), Heavy metals signature of human activities recorder in coral skeletons the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, Jurnal of Environ Earth Sei, 67: 2003-2013.
Peter,J.E.,Sarah CG, (2014), The Efect of Storms, Heavy Rains, and Sedimentation, on The Shallow Coral Reefs of ST john, U.S Virgin Islands .Hidrobiologia 734:143-158.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.