Preliminary Proximate Analysis, Chemical Composition and Phytoconstituents of Eulophia gracilis Orchid
Keywords:
Eulophia gracilis, proximate analysis, elemental composition, phytoconstituents.Abstract
Eulophia gracilis is a rare important medicinal terrestrial orchid with underground tubers found in the rocky area of Oyo state in Nigeria. Proximate analysis, mineral composition and the qualitative phytochemical analysis of Eulophia gracilis were investigated. Eulophia gracilis was found to contain 11.88% moisture, 16.93% protein, 3.96% fat, 1.98% ash, 4.95% crude fiber and 72.18% carbohydrates. The result indicate that the tuber of this plant contains high protein. The mineral analysis indicated that the dried tuber contained sodium (0.05%), potassium (0.45%), calcium (0.2%), magnesium (0.24%), zinc (17.5mg/kg) iron (110.5mg/kg), manganese (15mg/kg) and copper (4mg/kg). Phytochemicals detected in aqueous methanol of tubers of Eulophia gracilis are Glycoside, alkaloid, tannins, phlobatanins and flavonoid. This reveals that Eulophia gracilis can be an important food source and the presence of some phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids and phlobatannin suggested its medicinal action in traditional medicine. Therefore the plant may be a chosen nutraceutical.
References
. Haq, N. New food legume crop for the tropics. In: Better crops for food Eds. N. Nugent and M.O. Conor. Pitman Books, London (Cuba Foundation Symposium 97) pp. 144-160, 1983
. Rajyalakshmi, P. and Geervani, P. Nutritive value of the foods cultivated and consumed by the tribals of South India. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46:53-61, 1994
. Debabrata S, M. Sundriyal, RC Sundriyal, Diversity of food composition and nutritive analysis of edible wild plants in a multi-ethnic tribal land, Northeast India: an important facet for food supply”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 13(3): 698-705, 2014
. Egwim EC, Elem RC, and Egwuche RU. Proximate composition, phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ten selected wild edible Nigerian mushrooms. Am. J. Food. Nutr, 1(2): 89-94, 2011
. Hill, M.S. Seed Technology Training and Research in Southeast Asian Countries. Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre (ASPAC) Extension Bulletin No. 207:1-6, 1984
. Janardhanan, K. Germplasm resources of pulses of tribal utility in India. In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Advances in Seed Science and Technology Eds. H.S. Shetty, and H.S. Prakash. University of Mysore, India. pp. 407-409, 1990
. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Official method of analysis. 15th Edition, Washington D.C. p212, 2000
. Pearson, D. The chemical analysis of foods. 7th Ed. London, Churchill Livingstone, pp: 3-4, 1976
. Odebiyi, O.O. and E.A. Sofowora. Phytochemical screening of Nigerian Medicinal plants 2nd OAU/STRC Inter-African Symposium on Traditional Pharmaco Poeia and African Medicinal Plants (Lagos), 115: 216-220, 1979
. Ebun-Oluwa PO, Alade AS. Nutritional potential of Berlandier Nettle spurge (Jatropha cathatica) seed. Pak J Nutr., 6(4): 345-48, 2007
. E. O. Odebunmi, O. O. Oluwaniyi, A. M. Sanda and B. O. Kolade. Nutritional Compositions of Selected Tubers and Root Crops used in Nigerian Food Preparations” International Jour. Chem, 17(1): 37-43, 2007
. Saura-Calixto, F. Antioxidant dietary fiber product: a new concept and a potential food ingredient. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46: 4303 – 4306, 1998
. Haack, V.S., Chesters, J.G., Vollendorf, N.W., Story, A.S. and Marlett, J. A. Increasing amounts of dietary fiber provided by foods normalizes physiologic response of the large bowel without altering calcium balance or fecal steroid excretion. Am J Clin Nutr., 68: 615 – 22, 1998
. Subhashree B., Moumita D., Anurupa S., U. R. Choudhury and Gouriprosad D. Analysis of Complete Nutritional Profile Of Amorphophallus Campanulatus Tuber Cultivated In Howrah District Of West Bengal, India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, Vol 7, Issue 3, pp. 25-29, 2014
. Gordon MN, Kessel MN, Perspectivein nutrition. McGraw Hill Company, Ohio, New Yolk. 5:257-281, 2002
. Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, Von Bergmann K, Grundy SM, Brinkley LJ. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 342(19): 1392-98, 2000
. Kelsay JL. Effects of diet fibre on bowel function and trace mineral balances of human subjects. Cereal Chem., 58(1):2-5, 1981
. Iheanacho, K., & Ubebani, A. C. Nutritional composition of some leafy vegetable consumed in Imo-State, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 13(3), 35-38, 2009
. V. Arinathan, V.R. Mohan and A. Maruthupandian. Nutritional And Anti-Nutritional Attributes Of Some Under–Utilized Tubers” Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, vol.10: 273 – 278, 2009.
. Demigne C, Sabboh H, Rémé SYC, Meneton P. Protective effects of high dietary potassium: Nutritional and metabolic aspects. J Nutr. 134(11): 2903-06, 2004
. Akpanyung, E. O.. Proximate and mineral composition of bouillon cubes produced in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 4(5), 327 – 329, 2005
. Asaolu S. S., Adefemi O. S., Oyakilome I. G., Ajibulu K. E., Asaolu M. F. Proximate and Mineral Composition of Nigerian Leafy Vegetables. J Food Res., 1(3): 214-8, 2012
. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: The biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68(2): 447S-63S, 1998
. Black, R. E. Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in developing world. J. Nutr., 133, S1485-S1489, 2003
. Hotz, C., & Brown, K. C. International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZINCG) Technical document, 2009
. Dioxon, B. M., & Haris, E. M. 2004. Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey, 2001-2003.
. Ayoola, P. B., Adeyeye, I., & Onawumi, O. O. Trace elements and major minerals evaluation of Spondias mombin, Vernomia amygdalina and Mmordica charantia leaves. Pakistian Journal of Nutrition, 9(8), 755-756, 2010
. Jain N, Shahid RK, Sondhi SM. Analysis for mineral elements of some medicinal plants. Indian Drugs, 29, pp. 187-90, 1992
. Scelig M. Cardiovascular consequences of Mg deficiency and loss; pathogenesis, prevalence and manifestations. Am J Cardiol. 63: 1101-1102, 1989
. Smith W. O., Hammarsten J. F. Serum Mg in clinical disorders. South Med J. 51(9): 1116-7, 1958
. Bhaskaran, P. Immunobiology of mild nutrient deficiency. Br. J. Nutr., 85, S75-S80, 2001
. Trowbridge, F., & Martorell, M. Forging effective strategies to combat iron deficiency. Summary and recommendations. J. Nutri., 85, 875-880, 2002
. Aruoma O. L. Methodological consideration for characterizing potential antioxidants actions of bioactive components in plant foods. Mutat Res., 523 (524)9-20, 2003
. Agte V.V, Tarwidi, K.V, Mengale S and Ciplonker S.A. Potential of indigenous green vegetables as sources of fortification of eight micronutrients. J. Food Compo. Anal., 13:885-891, 2000
. Sofowora, L. A., Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, pp: 55-71, 1993
. Heinrich, M., Barnes, J., Gibbons,S., and Williamson, E.M. Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Science Ltd., UK, 2004
. Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs tomorrow. Mol. Asp. Med., 27:1–93, 2006
. Trease G.E and N.C Evans. Pharmacognosy.Ind.Edn, Braille Tiridel and Macmillian Publishers.Washinton D.C, pp 774-784, 1989
. Okwu, D. E. Phytochemicals and vitamin content of indigenous species of southeastern Nigeria. J. Sustain. Agric. Environ., 6(1):30-37, 2004
. Olayinka A.O, Onoruvwe .O and T.Y. Lot. Cardiovascular effect of methanolic extracts of the stem back of khaya senegalensis. phytother. Res., 6(5):282-284, 1992
. Pourmorad, F., Hosseininelir, S. J., and Shahabimajd, N. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content of some selected Iraninan medicinal plants. Afri. J. Biotech., 5:1142-1145, 2006
. Ugwu Okechukwu P. C, Nwodo Okwesili F. C, Joshua Parker E, Bawa Abubakar, Ossai Emmanuel C and Odo Christian E. Phytochemical and Acute Toxicity Studies of Moringa oleifera Ethanol Leaf Extract. International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research, 2(2):66-71, 2013.
. Anderson G.D. Phytochemicals .Dynamic Chiropractic.Chung K.T, Weichang I and Johnson M.G (1998) Are tannins a double edge sword in biology and health? Trends in Food Science Technology 4: 168-175, 2004
. Alan, L. and N. D. Miller. Antioxidant Flavonoids: Structure, Function and Clinical Usage Alt. Med. Rev., 1: 103-111, 1996
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
