Prevalence, Incidence and Severity of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum Spp) in Main Chili Growing Areas of Ethiopia
Keywords:
Anthracnose, Chili, Capsicum frutescence L., Incidence, Prevalence.Abstract
Chili anthracnose is the key constraint that hampers chili production in Ethiopia. But scientific information on the magnitude of the problem was not sufficient. Thus, this survey was aimed to assess the prevalence of chili anthracnose, weaknesses in management and formulate appropriate recommendations. 132 purposively selected chili fields, 106 farms and 26 nurseries throughout the chili livelihoods of Ethiopia had been surveyed. To evaluate the perceptions of farmers, semi-structured questionnaire had been used administered among 132 farmers. Data on incidence, severity and prevalence, and their variation across different locations, seasons and agro-ecological zones, had also been collected. The obtained data had been analysed through descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS 20.0. The highest and lowest disease spread was observed in Alaba and Shashogo with cumulative incidence of 41.88% and 19.81%, respectively. From the chili farms, the highest incidence was found in Arsi negelle followed by Alaba with the value of 31.66% and 28.66%, whereas the lowest incidence in farms was found in Humbo and Maraqo with 13.63% and 14.89%. Nurseries with a highest incidence had been observed in Humbo and Alaba with values of 13.5% and 13.02%, respectively. The disease incidence was low, 4.13% and 1.28%, in Shashogo and Arsi negelle.
Prevalence was higher in upper-kolla agro-ecological zones where the mean was recorded as 21.82% and 7.55 in farms and nurseries. The mean incidence of farms was three times higher than nurseries. The spread of the disease was associated with non-hygienic practices in the nurseries as well as the disease inductive irrigation methods in use. Adequate chemical treatment, avoidance of water splashes, disinfection of tools and seedling, removal of sources of contaminations, were recommended to improve the practices in each field and nursery. Based on the information generated on the extent of anthracnose damage, the decision makers, policy experts and researchers will shift their prioritization and embark on controlling chili anthracnose in Ethiopia.
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