Chemical Analysis and Medicinal Activities of Volatile Components from the Seeds of Croton Macrostachyus
Keywords:
Croton macrostachyus, disc diffusion method, essential oil, Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, hydro distillation.Abstract
One of the Croton species that is known for its medicinal use is Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae). It is one of the eight Croton species found in Ethiopia. The wide range medicinal uses of Croton macrostachyus led scientists to isolate compounds from its different parts. The primary objective of this research study was therefore to characterize the constituents of seeds of Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) plant using GC-MS and to analyse the antimicrobial (medicinal) activity of the seed oil. 75 g of the powdered seeds of Croton macrostachyus was used for the extraction of the essential oil using hydrodistilation method. The oil was characterized using GC-MS and its biological activity was tested against some bacteria by Disk-diffusion method. GC-MS analysis of essential oils of Croton macrostachyus has shown over 40 components. From these, 19 compounds for each origin representing 82.86 % of Croton macrostachyus oil were identified as major components of the essential oil. 4-Hexen-1-ol, (E), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-acetic acid, Epizonarene, Cyclopentene, 3-isopropenyl-5,5-dimethyl and 3-Carene were some of the major compounds identified from the oil. Antimicrobial results also showed that the essential oil was effective to control the growth of bacteria. So, collaborative works should be done between chemists, microbiologists and medical professionals to develop better medicinal drugs for the treatment of bacterial, fungal and viral infections.
References
Ojiezeh, T. I.; Nwachukwu S. E. and Udo S. J. Antimicrobial effect of citrus aurantifolia juice and veronica amygdalina on common bacteria isolates. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ObafemiAwolowoUniversity 2011, 3(1): 1-7.
Cseke, L.J.; Kirakosyan A.; Kaufman P.B.; Sara L.; James A.W.; Duke and Harry Brielmann L.. Natural Products from Plants.Second edition. 2006
Dias DA.; Urban S.; Roessner U. A historical overview of natural products in drug discovery Metabolites; 2012, 2:303‐336.
Mishra BB. and Tiwari VK. Natural products in drug discovery: Clinical evaluations and investigations. Opport.Challenge.Scope.Natural Prod.Med Chem; 2011, 1‐62.
Newman DJ. and Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod; 2007, 70:461‐477.
Keifer PA. NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery: Tools for combinatorial chemistry, natural products, and metabolism research. Prog Drug Res; 2000, 55:137‐211.
Sasidharan S; Chen Y.; Saravanan D.; Sundram KM. and Latha Y. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plants’ extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med; 2011, 8:1‐10.
Nassar AEF and Talaat RE. Strategies for dealing with metabolite elucidation in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today; 2004, 9:317‐ 327.
Li JWH. and Vederas JC. Drug discovery and natural products: end of an era or an endless frontier? Science; 2009, 325:161‐165.
Salatino A; Salatino MLF. and Negri G. Traditional uses, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Croton species (Euphorbiaceae). J. Braz. Chem. Soc.; 2007, 18:11-33.
Gilbert MG. Euphorbiaceae. In: Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Canellaceae to Euphorbiaceae. 1995, Vol. 2, part 2, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Uppsala, Sweden.
Moshi MJ; Uiso FC.; Mahunnah RLA.; Mbwambo ZH. and Kapingu MC. A survey of plants used by traditional healers in the management of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. East CentrAfri J PharmarceutSci; 2000, 3:30‐39.
Giday M.; Teklehaymanot T.; Animut A. and Mekonnen Y. Medicinal plants of the Shinasha, Agew‐awi and Amhara peoples in northwest Ethiopia. J. Ethnopharmacology; 2007,110:516‐525.
Kloos H.; Tekle A.; Yohannes LW.; Yosef A. and Lemma A. Preliminary studies on traditional medicinal plants in nineteen markets in Ethiopia: use patterns and public health aspects. Ethiop Med J; 1978, 16:33‐43.
Yirga G.; Teferi M. and Kasaye M. Survey of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Hawzen district, Northern Ethiopia. Inter. J BiodiversConserv; 2011, 3:709‐714.
Mazzanti G.; Bolle P.; Martinoli L.; Piccinelli D. and Grgurina I.. C.macrostachys, a plant used in traditional medicine: purgative and inflammatory activity. J Ethnopharmacol; 1987, 19:213‐219.
Nwinyi, O.; Chinedu N.; Ajani O.O.; IkpoChinwe O. and Ogunniran K.O. Antibacterial effects of extracts of Ocimumgratissimumand piper guineenseon Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.African Journal of Food Science. 2009 , 3 (3): 077-081.
Dória, G.A.A.; Silva, W.J.; Carvalho, G.A.; Alves, P.B. and Cavalcanti, S.C.H. A study of the larvicidal activity of two Croton species from northeastern Brazil against Aedes aegypti. Pharm. Biol. 2010, 48, 615–620.
Ximenes, R.M.; Morais Nogueira, L.; Cassundé, N.M.R.; Jorge, R.J.B.; dos Santos, S.M.; Magalhães, L.P.M.; Silva, M.R.; Barros Viana, G.S.; Araújo, R.M. and de Sena, K.X.F.R. Antinociceptive and wound healing activities of Croton adamantinus Müll. Arg. essential oil. J. Nat. Med. 2013, 67, 758–764.
De Almeida, T.S.; Rocha, J.B.T.; Rodrigues, F.F.G.; Campos, A.R. and da Costa, J.G.M. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antibiotic modulatory effect of Croton campestris essential oils. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2013, 44, 630–633.
Camurça-Vasconcelos, A.L.F.; Bevilaqua, C.M.L.; Morais, S.M.; Maciel, M.V.; Costa, C.T.C.; Macedo, I.T.F.; Oliveira, L.M.B.; Braga, R.R.; Silva, R.A. and Vieira, L.S. Anthelmintic activity of Croton zehntneri and Lippia sidoides essential oils. Vet. Parasitol. 2007, 148, 288–294.
Daniela, M.; Navarro, A. F.; Geanne, K. N.; Santos , K. A.; Camila, S. Lira; Bheatriz, N.; Lima, Thiago H.; Napoleão , Patrícia M. G.; Paiva , Claudia A.; Maranhão and Sofia S. and Brandão, F. Effects of Croton rhamnifolioides Essential Oil on Aedes aegypti Oviposition, Larval Toxicity and Trypsin Activity. Journal of molecules. 2014, 19, 16573-16587
Dadson, P. Y. Antibacterial properties of croton species. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland. 2012, Pp; 38-40
Vunda, S.L.L.; Sauter, I.P.; Cibulsk, S.P.; Roehe, P.M.; Bordignon, S.A.L.; Rott, M.B.; Apel, M.A. and Poser, G.L.V. Chemical composition and amoebicidal activity of Croton pallidulus, Croton ericoides, and Croton isabelli (Euphorbiaceae) essential oils. J Parasitol res. 2012, Pp; 1-6
Albert K.; Marius M.; Benoit NT.; Gilbert A. and Pierre W. Anti‐Nociceptive and Anti‐ Inflammatory Activities of Extracts from the Stem Bark of Croton macrostachyus(Euphorbiaceae) in Mice and Rats. J Complementary Integrat Med; 2009, 6:1553‐3840.
Karunamoorthi K. and Ilango K. Larvicidal activity of Cymbopogoncitratus (DC) Stapf.andCrotonmacrostachyusagainst Anopheles arabiensis Patton, a potent malaria vector. Eur Rev Med PharmacolSci; 2010, 14:57‐62.
Belay G.; Tariku Y.; Kebede T.; Hymete A. and Mekonnen Y. Ethnopharmacological investigations of essential oils isolated from five Ethiopian medicinal plants against eleven pathogenic bacterial strains. Phytopharmacology; 2011, 1:33‐ 143.
Tariku Y.; Hymete A.; Hailu A.; Rohloff J. Constituents, antileishmanial activity and toxicity rofile of volatile oil from berries of Crotonmacrostachyus. Nat Prod Commun; 2010, 5:975‐ 980.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
