Performance of Two Cassava (Manihot Escculenta Crantz) Genotypes to NPK Fertilizer in Ultisols of Sikasso Region, Mali

Authors

  • Salouma Macalou Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) Sikasso, Mali BP: 16 Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 Egerton 20115, Kenya
  • Samuel Mwonga Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 Egerton 20115, Kenya
  • Amos Musandu Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536 Egerton 20115, Kenya

Keywords:

Cassava, Correlation, NPK inorganic fertilizer, Southern Mali, yield.

Abstract

In Mali, cassava is grown on ultisols in Sikasso region situated in the southern part of the country. The yields are however low due to the low fertility of the cassava growing soils, inadequate fertilizer use and low yielding genotypes. This study aimed at determining the effect of four NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) rates (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1) applications on growth and yield of two cassava genotypes. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in two sites during 2016/2017 cropping season. The fertilizer rates were applied in two splits of equal quantity at two weeks after planting and two months later. Data on plant height, numbers of branches, number of stem, stem diameter, number of tubers per plant, and fresh tuber weight were collected. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System (SAS version 9.3). Least Significant Difference (LSD) at p=0.05 was used to separate means. The 300 kg ha-1 of NPK did achieve a significant output on both growth and yield parameters compare to the other rates. The number of tuber per plant and fresh tuber yield increased by 49% and 133% respectively in the plot which received 300 kg ha-1 of NPK compared to the controls. There was a significant correlation (r=0.6533 at P =0.0005) between the NPK fertilizer rates and fresh tuber yield in Loulouni. The results will form a basis for NPK use on cassava in the study area and policy briefs in the country.

References

. Alfredo A., and Alves, C. Cassava Botany and Physiology, Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Bahia, Brazil. (2002); 23 PP.

. Allemann, J., and Dugmor, N. Potential for cassava production in the Bathurst region of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. African Crop Science Journal. (2004); 12 (30): 275-281.

. Amarullah, D., Prepto, I.Y., Bambang, H.S. Correlation of Growth Parameters with Yield of Two Cassava Varieties, Agricultural Science Journal. (2016); 1(3):100–104.

. Audrey, R., Pierre, R., Cedric, R.D.R. Etude de la Filière Manioc en Cote d'Ivoire. Comité Francais pour la solidarité Internationnal (CFSI). (2015); 87 PP.

. Ayoola, O.T. and Makinde, E.A. Fertilizer Treatment Effects on Performance of Cassava under Two Planting Patterns in a Cassava-based Cropping System in South West Nigeria. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. (2007); 3(1): 13-20.

. Bationo, A., and Buerkert, A. Soil Organic Carbon Management for Sustainable Land Use in the Sudano-Sahelian West Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem. (2001); 61:131-142.

. Benesi, I.R.M., Labuschagne, M.T., Dixon, A.G.O. and Mahungu, N.MGenotype X Environment interaction effects on native cassava starch quality and potential for starch used in the commercial sector. African Journal of Crop Science. (2004); 12: 205-216.

. Bull, S.E., Ndunguru, J., Gruissem, W., and Herve, J.R.B. Cassava : constraints to production and the transfer of biotechnology to African laboratories, Plant cell reports. (2011); 30 (5): 779–87.

. Connor, D.J and Palta, J. The response of cassava to water shortage. III stomatal control of plant water status. Field Crops Research Review. (1981); 4(1): 297-311.

. Dembelé, D., Diarra, B., Sanogo, F., Bengali, M., Ballo, A., Samaké, O., Sissoko, M. Evaluation de variétés locales de manioc et patate douce au Mali. Rapport final enquête diagnostic, Institut d’Economie Rural Mali. (2011) ; 52 PP.

. Dermiyati, J.L., Irwan, S.B., Suggeng, T.O.M. and Debby, A. Application of Organonitrofos and Inorganic Fertilizer on Cassava ( Manihot Esculenta Crantz ) in Ultisol Soil. (2015); 20 (3): 167–172.

. Edet, M.A., Tijani-Eniola, H., Lagoke, S.T.O., and Tarawali, G. Relationship of Cassava Growth Parameters with Yield, Yield Related Components and Harvest Time in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. (2015); 5 (9): 87–93.

. Edet, M.A., Tijani-Eniola, H., and Okechukwu, R.U. Residual effects of fertilizer application on growth and yield of two cassava varieties in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria, African Journal of Root and Tuber Crops. (2013); 10(1): 33–40.

. FAO. A Guide to Sustainable Production Intensification. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome. (2013); 142 PP.

. FAO/UNESCO. Soil Map of the World, Revised Legend. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. (1974); 59 PP.

. FAO and IFAD. A review of cassava in Africa with country case studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin. International fund for agricultural development and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. (2005); 66 PP.

. Fermont, A.M., Tittonell, P.A., Baguma, Y., Ntawuruhunga, P., and Giller, K.E. Towards understanding factors that govern fertilizer response in cassava: Lessons from East Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. (2009); 86(1): 133–151.

. Kanto, U., Tirawattanawanich, C., Juttupornpong, S., Promthong, S. and Moonthong, O. Advantages of cassava in animal health improvement. The regional workshop, held in Hue city, Viet Nam, Jan. 17-19, 2005. (2009); pp. 187-203.

. Howeler, R. H. Cassava Mineral Nutrition and Fertilization, CITA Regional Office in Asia Bangkok, Thailand. (2002); 33 PP.

. George, E., Rolf, S., and John, R.. Methods of soils, plant, and water Analysis: A manual for the West Asua and North Africa region. International Center for Agriculture Research (ICARDA), Beirut, Lebanon. (2013); 244 PP.

. Osumdare, B. Implication of N, P, K and NPK combined on cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) Root Yield and Soil Nutrient Status. International Journal of Information Research and Review. (2014); 1(12): 206-210.

. Leo, M., and Vernon, H. K. Potential to increase cassava yields through cattle manure and fertilizer application: Results from Bunda College, Central Malawi. African Journal of Plant Science. (2015); 9(5): 228–234.

. Mali-Météo.. Programme d’Action National d’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques. Rapport Annuel. Direction Nationale de la Météorologie. (2007); 100 PP.

. Ntawuruhunga, p., Rubaihayo, P.R., Whyte, J.B.A., Dixon, A.G.O and Osiru, D.S.O.. Inter-Relationship Among Traits and Path Analysis for Yield Components of Cassava: A Search for Storage Roots yield Indicators. African Crop Science Journal. (2001); 9(4): 599-606.

. Ojeniyi, S.O., Ezekiel, P.O, Asawalam, D.O., Awo, A.O., S.A. and Odedina, J. N. Root growth and NPK status of cassava as influenced by oil palm bunch ash, African Journal of Biothenology. (2009); 8 (18): 4407–4412.

. Okogun, J.A, Sanginga, N., and Adeola, E.O.. Soil fertility maintenance and strategies for cassava production in West and Central Africa. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria (mimeograph). (1999); 15 PP.

. Papa, S.S., Shigeru, A., and Emmanuel, N.. Interactions between cassava varieties and soil characteristics in crop production in eastern, African Study Monographs. (2013); 34 (4): 187–202.

. PNUD. Plan Stratégique du Renforcement de la Résilience des Groupes de Femmes Productrices et des Communautés Vulnérables aux Changements Climatiques au Mali. Document de Projet. (2015); 85 PP.

. Richardson, U.O., and Alfred, G.O.D.. Performance of Improved Cassava Genotype for Early Bulking, Diseases Resistance and Culinary Qualities in an Inland Valley Ecosystem, Agronomy Journal. (2009); 101:1258-1265.

. Streck, A.N., Garrido Pinheiro, D., Junior Zanon, A., Fernandes Gabriel, L., Schmitz Marques Rocha, T., Trevisan de Souza, A., and Rocha da Silva, M. Effect of plant spacing on growth, development and yield of cassava in a subtropical environment. Crop Production and Management. (2014); 73 (4): 407–415.

. Uwah, D.F., Effa, E.B., Ekpenyong, L.E., and Akpan, I.E. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Performance as Influenced by Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers in Uyo, Nigeria, Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. (2013); 23 (2): 550–555.

Downloads

Published

2018-05-17

How to Cite

Macalou, S., Mwonga, S., & Musandu, A. (2018). Performance of Two Cassava (Manihot Escculenta Crantz) Genotypes to NPK Fertilizer in Ultisols of Sikasso Region, Mali. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 38(2), 189–206. Retrieved from https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/8942

Issue

Vol. 38 No. 2 (2018)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.