The Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate, Philippines in the 17th Century as a State

Authors

  • Sohayle M. Hadji Abdul Racman Male Residential Hostel, M2, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tunku Link Gadong, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan.

Keywords:

Islamicity, Lanao, Sultanate.

Abstract

The Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao or Lanao Sultanate in the Philippines was founded in the early 17th century after its leaders seceded from the Magindanao Sultanate. The Lanao Sultanate had the traditional laws i.e. the taritib and igma or the Adat Laws, and Shari’ah (Islamic laws). The political structure of Lanao Sultanate consists of council of elders, house of board of advisers, house of bais (ladies), im?ms (prayer leaders), kalis (judges), gurus (teachers), askars (army), pananalsilas (genealogy experts), defence units headed by a radia-laut (naval and war commander), and the forty-three sultans who ruled the pagawidan (supported) states and pagawid (supporting) states. The supported states had fifteen sultans who were the executive bodies of the fifteen royal houses of the Lanao Sultanate. The pagawid (supporting) states had twenty-eight governors called m’babaya ko taritib who were also the legislative bodies of the four states of Lanao: Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Baloi. The Islamicity of the Lanao Sultanate in the 17th century as an Islamic state is not represented in literature. This explains why there is a huge research gap on this study. This paper will explore in-depth the Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate in the 17th century using the functions and the characteristics of an Islamic state as parameters according to contemporary Muslim scholars.

References

Sultan Monsing Macabando. Brief History of the Balindong Dynasty of the Dominion State (Sultanate) of Pungampongan-a-Masiu. Marawi City, Philippines: Marawi Sultanate League, 2005, p. v.

Sohayle M. Hadji Abdul Racman. “The Political Legitimacy of the Lanao Sultanate in the 17th Century with Special Reference to the Political Thought of al-Māwardī.” Ph.D. thesis, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, 2018. See in appendix A of the thesis. Transcription of my interview with Sultan Monsing Macabando at Ranao Radio Broadcasting and TV (RRTTV) System Corp., SMA Bldg., Kotha Pangarungan, Nurhaya Village, Marawi City. On February 15, 2017. Broadcasted at RRTV System from Feb. 16 to 30, 2017. Uploaded in the Youtube by Somayah Magarang on March, 5 2017. Access on Youtube: Sohayle H. Abdulracman. RRBTV System Corp. owner: Bombit Adiong, the Governor of Lanao del Sur.

According to Ruurdje Laarhoven, based on a Dutch source, Sultan Kudarat started was enthroned as sultan of Magindanao in 1616. See the work by Ruurdjee Laarhoven. “We are Many Nations: The Emergence of Multi-Ethnic Maguindanao Sultanate.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society, Vol.14, no.1: pp.32-53, 1986, March. Published by University of San Carlos Publications.

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Cesar Adib Majul, et al., edited by Peter G. Gowing and Robert McAmis, The Muslim Filipinos. Manila, Philippines: Solidaridad Publishing House, 1974, pp. 27-28.

____“Province of Lanao del Sur, Mindanao.” Official website: https://lanaodelsur.gov.ph/about/history/. Accessed, August 1, 2017.

Sultan Monsing Macabando. Brief History of the Maranao Mindanao, Maranao Salsila (Genealogy) Their Origin, Vol. 1. Marawi City, Philippines: Marawi Sultanate League 2008, p. 18.

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Helen R. Tubangui, et al., The Filipino Nation A Concise History of the Philippines, ed. Jim Haskins. Philippines: Grolier International Inc., 1982, p. 109.

Mamitua Saber and Mauyag M. Tamano. Decision-Making and Social Change in Rural Moroland. Marawi City, Philippines: Mindanao Journal, XII, 1-4, 1985, p. 68.

Nagasura T. Madale, Maranao. Manila, Philippines: National Commission for Culture and the Arts, 2002, p. 6.

Birte Brecht-Drouart. “The Influences of the National Question and the Revival of Tradition on Gender Issues Among Maranaos.” Ph.D. thesis, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt Am Main, 2011, p. 191.

Musib M. Buat. “Survey of Filipino Muslim Adat (Customary Law) and Role of Agama Court.” Mindanao Journal, Mindanao State University, Philippines: 1977, p. 104.

Azizan Abdul Razak. Syariah, Adat, and Common Law Amongst the Maranaos of Southern Philippines, An Exploratory and Comparative Study. Singapore: Teaching and Research Exchange Fellowships, Southeast Asian Studies Program, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991. p. 5.

Amir Hassan Siddiqqi. “Early Islamic Society, Culture and Government.” Mindanao Journal, Vol. II no. 2, University Research Center, Mindanao State University, Marawi City, 1976 for October-December, p 43.

Jastaniah Abdulaziz Saddiq. “The Islamic State in the Light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah.” Ph.D. thesis, Ann Arbor Michigan, University Microfilm International A Bell & Howell Information Company, Claremont Graduate School, 1982, p. 1.

Melvin Mednick. Some Political Problems of Moro History and Political Organization in The Muslims Filipinos, ed. by Peter G. Gowing & Robert McAmis. Manila, Philippines: Solidad Publishing House, 1974, p. 24. The Sulu, Magindanao and Lanao Sultanates shared similar social-organizations.

Qur’ān, 2:163.

Qur’ān, 48:8.

Qur’ān, 48:33.

Abdulhamid Mitwally Mabdi’. Nizām al-Hukm fil Islām, 4th ed. Alexandria: Ma’aāref, Est, 1978, p. 34.

Qur’ān, 49:13.

Qur’ān, 4:59.

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. S. M. Hadji Abdul Racman, “The Political Legitimacy of the Lanao Sultanate in the 17th Century with Special Reference to the Political Thought of al-Māwardī,” Ph.D. thesis, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, 2018.

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Published

2018-11-23

How to Cite

Hadji Abdul Racman, S. M. (2018). The Islamicity of Lanao Sultanate, Philippines in the 17th Century as a State. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 42(3), 205–230. Retrieved from https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/9506

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