International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)

Rainfall Characteristics and Correlation of Rainfall Anomaly with Outgoing Longwave Radiation in Seven Province of the Indonesian Food Production Center

2020-01-24T07:41:56+00:00

The study of rainfall characteristics will help in understanding climate conditions. the information on climate conditions in the planting season will help in managing the farming system such as determining the type of plant that is suitable for development in an area. To obtain an overview of conditions on the surface, it is necessary to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of diurnal and monthly rainfall variations from surface observations. The characteristics of diurnal rainfall can be characterized by patterns of intensity, and peak time of rainfall and the characteristics of monthly rainfall can be characterized by wet months, dry months, climate types and rainfall patterns. Based on the analysis correlation of rainfall anomaly with Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) expected to give a more comprehensive picture of factors influence climate characteristics in seven provinces of food production centers.

Based on the analysis of rainfall characteristics, the average annual rainfall in the western region is relatively wetter (> 2500 mm year^-1) shifting to the middle region The dominant rainfall pattern at the study site is the Monsunal pattern. Some stations in West Java have local and equatorial rainfall patterns including Bogor, Cianjur, Plered. The characteristics of diurnal rainfall during rainy peaks in Lampung occur between 17:00 - 18:00, in West Java the peak of rain occurs between 15:00 - 17:00 in the Central Java I and III sapron in sapron I and II occurring during the day between 13:00 - 15:00. When the peak rains on. Kalimantan has two rain peaks namely afternoon; 14.00 - 15.00 and night; 22:00 - 01:00 In East Nusa Tenggara the peak of rain is 12.00 - 14.00 and in Southeast Sulawesi the peak of rain is between 13.00 - 15.00. Rainfall anomaly in Bogor and Plered two stations in West Java is negatively correlated with OLR index, meaning that the characteristics of rainfall in Bogor and Plered are influenced by local components. Negative correlations between rainfall anomalies and OLR were also found in East Kalimantan, namely Kebun Tabara and Muara Wahau stations. Areas with rainfall diversity that are not only influenced by global components need to be explored further to find out what local components affect the characteristics of rainfall in the region.

Customer’s Awareness on Genuine Versus Counterfeit Electronic Fiscal Device Receipts in Tanzania; A Case of Moshi Municipal

2020-01-24T07:23:18+00:00

Insufficient tax revenue collection is considered to be an expense in public expenditure that has been accelerated by poor transaction records realized from electronic device stemming from false transactions recorded and produced by EFD machine and reported to tax authority. The main intention of the paper is to assess customers’ awareness on genuine versus counterfeit EFD (electronic fiscal device) receipts. A survey design was employed to 140 respondents; Purposive, stratified and simple random strategies were used to draw the sample size from the population. Data were collected via structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively in hand with inferential statistics. The study found that, customers are not aware of genuine and counterfeit receipts. There is a huge laxity of behavior tendency among Tanzanians’ of not asking and reading receipts. The problem of underestimating sales figure by traders is still practiced silently in this case. The following recommendations can be undertaken; TRA should take time to classify Item Tax Rates properly, TRA should list down the features of original receipts, TRA needs to work hard to change Tanzanians’ attitude towards revenue collections via encouraging behavior changes, cognition, affects and change what was believed to be normal on tax collections. Sensitizing customers on keep hold of fiscal receipt and present them to authority in case they see any false facts on their receipts. Having Tax officers exchange program or use customers from other regains on regular base to do ghost shopping. The government can invest by fixing CCTV Cameras to monitor trader’s sales point and Sending a regular reminding SMS to every citizen possessing a mobile phone about asking for and reading receipt as well as reporting any misconduct.

Applying Bootstrap Robust Regression Method on Data with Outliers

2020-01-21T16:45:36+00:00

Identification and assessment of outliers have a key role in Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. This paper presents a robust two-stage procedure to identify outlying observations in regression analysis. The exploratory stage identifies leverage points and vertical outliers through a robust distance estimator based on Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD). After deletion of these points, the confirmatory stage carries out an OLS analysis on the remaining subset of data and investigates the effect of adding back in the previously deleted observations. Cut-off points pertinent to different diagnostics are generated by bootstrapping and the cases are definitely labeled as good-leverage, bad leverage, vertical outliers and typical cases. This procedure is applied to four examples taken from the literature and it is effective in rightly pinpointing outlying observations, even in the presence of substantial masking. This procedure is able to identify and correctly classify vertical outliers, good and bad leverage points, through the use of jackknife-after-bootstrap robust cut-off points. Moreover its two stage structure makes it interactive and this enables the user to reach a deeper understanding of the dataset main features than resorting to an automatic procedure.

Preparation and Characterization of the Thermoluminescence Properties of Mg-doped ZnO

2020-01-23T11:24:52+00:00

ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction studies of the sample confirm hexagonal phase. Crystallite size calculated using Scherer equation and found to be 48.5nm for undoped ZnO and 44.3nm for 1% Mg doped ZnO, 40.9nm for 2% Mg-doped ZnO and 38.7nm for 3% Mg-doped ZnO. Undoped sample exhibit unstructured low intense TL glow curve, whereas Mg doped samples exhibit will structured TL glow curves with a broad peak around 280⁰C to 330⁰C depends on the UV energy. The TL response as a function of UV energy showed a linearity behavior over the range investigated, and 1% Mg-doped ZnO sample gives very good reproducibility compared with 2% and 3% Mg-doped ZnO samples.

Gonad Extracts of Diadema setosum as Potential Antibacterial Agent Derived from Wakatobi District Sea Waters Southeast Sulawesi Province-Indonesia

2020-01-18T10:30:28+00:00

High incidence rates of typhoid fever and urinary tract infections in developing countries are aggravated by the overuse of antibiotics that lead to higher resistance of strains of bacteria, including Salmonella typhi and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). This dilemma instigates recent studies to find alternative drugs derived from marine resources to reduce the resistance of these harmful bacteria through the utilization of bioactive compounds in the gonad of Diadema setosum. For that reason, this study was conducted to explore the antibacterial properties of ethyl acetate extract in the gonad of Diadema setosum on S.typhi and E. coli bacteria. Chemical screening of bioactive compounds in the gonad of Diadema setosum used ethyl acetate solvent, whereas the antibacterial sensitivity test was conducted by diluting the gonad extracts in 10% DMSO. Preparation of 10% DMSO was made by mixing 10 ml DMSO with a 90 ml aquadest.

Each gonad extract of 1 g, 2 g, 4 g, and 8 g was diluted in 10 ml DMSO with the extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, respectively. Results of the chemical screening of the gonad extracts of Diadema setosum showed that the gonad extracts contained flavonoids (orange to red color), steroids (greenish color), and saponin was marked in the form of foam for 15 minutes. Meanwhile, results of the culture test proved that ethyl acetate extract of the gonad of Diadema setosum inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. typhi at 80% concentration classified into high inhibition response with mean inhibition response was 21 mm for E. coli and mean inhibition response was 20 mm for S. typhi compared to the concentrations of 40%, 20%, and 10 %. It was concluded that the gonad extracts of Diadema setosum could be used as a potential novel drug for reducing the resistance of these bacteria. In addition, the gonad of Diadema setosum delivers a potential alternative foodstuff to improve health status and prevents the negative effects of these bacterial strains.