International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)

Small Scale Irrigation and its Effect on Poverty Reduction: the Case of Shabelle River Basin Gode Woreda, Somali Region, Ethiopia

2022-06-23T06:51:02+00:00

This study was conducted at Gode district of Somali Region, Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify Small-scale irrigation use and its effect on poverty reduction. The data was collected from a total of 180 farmers by using semi-structured questionnaire. To collect the required data several methods like interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used. Various documents were reviewed to collect the secondary data. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (chi-square and t-test), frequency, percentage and econometric model analysis were used to analyze quantitative data. As the binary logistic regression model result indicates, eight variables were found to be significant namely Farming experience and membership to cooperative had significant effect on the use of irrigation water use at less than 1% probability level. Age, family size, water availability, and off-farm income had significant effect on the use of irrigation water at 5% significant level. Livestock holding size and access to credit had significant effect on the use of irrigation water use at less than 10% probability level. Water availability from rivers had a significant effect on the use of irrigation water and the main sources of irrigation water in the study area are rivers. Small scale irrigation reduces poverty by enhancing production, household consumption, annual expenditure, and by increasing employment. It is recommended that the concerned bodies such as government, NGO and other stakeholders should emphasis on construction of new canals and maintenance of existing canals so as to improve the performance of small scale irrigation.

Impact of Indiscriminate Solid Waste Disposal on Human Health in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

2022-06-23T06:39:28+00:00

The generation and disposal of solid waste is an intrinsic part of any developing society. Generation of waste in large volume does not constitute a problem but inability to dispose them off on time and properly by individuals and governments. This study examine the impact of indiscriminate solid waste disposal on human health in Akungba-Akoko. Information on impact of indiscriminate solid waste disposal was obtained using a total of 250 copies of questionnaire administered to residents using random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to present and analyse the data while chi-square was used to test the hypothesis. The study revealed that there are various methods used in disposing solid waste such as open dumpsite, in drains and streets, into streams and river channels, nearby bush, burning and excavation by waste management. The study also revealed that there are various health issues resulting from improper disposal and poor management of solid waste in Akungba-Akoko such as infectious diseases among people, air-borne diseases, breeding place for disease vectors and contamination of food and water. This paper recommends that as means of improving solid waste management, environmental education and public participation in environmental sanitation exercise should be encourage and waste management agencies should established more waste disposal points so as to overcome the problem of waste disposal points to resident’s home.

Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs, Self-assesments and Their Teaching Practices in Republic Croatia

2022-06-23T06:31:24+00:00

The aim of this research was to analyse the beliefs, self-assessments, teaching practices and some extracurricular activities of mathematics teachers in the Republic of Croatia. In order to conduct the research on the competence profile of math teachers and present the findings, an instrument was devised based on relevant research in the field of math education as well as relevant theory and research in pedagogy and psychology. Primary objective of the research was set on determining predictive value of individual teacher characteristics, deriving from their attitudes, beliefs, self-assessment and teaching practice and the amount in which they contribute to the quality of their teaching methods and practices. Main assumption of this study is that the perception of academic self-efficiency, teacher system of values and beliefs reflect teacher competence profile, determine their teaching and upbringing role and are the foundation for acquiring values and achieving educational outcomes of students. Participants in the research were 348 elementary and high school mathematics teachers from all Croatian counties.

Growth and Yield of Open Pollinated Young Corn (Zea mayz Linn.) as Influenced by Different Levels of Mykovam® Bio-fertilizer

2022-06-16T14:26:43+00:00

Mykovam® bio-fertilizer was tested to evaluate the effects and performance on the growth and yield of open-pollinated variety (OPV) young corn. The result of the study showed that OPV corn fertilized with mixed Mykovam®, and inorganic fertilizer at one-half recommended rate, (T5) has the highest plant height of 282.40 cm, and the number of leaves at 50 days after planting (DAP) but did not differ significantly with T4 fertilized plants. The number of days to tasseling and silking was shorter in T4 and T5 OPV corn plants at 57 days and got the highest number of corn ears per plant of 1.37 and 1.57, respectively. The average weight of corn cobs, ten samples per treatment was recorded at T5 (1/2 RR Mykovam® + ½ RR Inorganic) with a mean value of 1.23 kg followed by Treatment 4 applied with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer with 1.07 kg of weight. The shortest plants, the lowest number of corn leaves, the highest number of days to tasseling and silking, and the least corn ears/plant were from the unfertilized plot (T0) which did not differ statistically with plants fertilized with Mykovam® bio-fertilizer.

Mykovam bio-fertilizer application can help in reducing the amount of inorganic fertilizer but the lone application of Mykovam® bio-fertilizer on OPV corn has less effect due to the shorter period of study and considering the soil has low phosphorous based on the result of soil analysis. Economic analysis showed the highest yield of young cobs was recorded in T5 (1/2 RR Mykovam® + ½ RR Inorganic), while the lowest net income was obtained in T2 applied with 500 kg/ha of Mykovam® bio-fertilizer.

Building Positive Mindset of the Younger Generation about Agroforestry through Behavioral Approach

2022-06-16T14:03:31+00:00

For Maluku’s people, agroforestry is not a new thing because it has been done since long time ago, known as Dusung. As a local wisdom, agroforestry has great benefits not only in economic aspect but also in social and environment maintenance aspects, especially in the archipelago region with small islands. Day by day, people tend to replace agroforestry systems with intensive land management system that emphasizes productivity of the land without doing environmental preservation. If this condition continues, the negative impact that appears will be greater than its positive impact, therefore, agroforestry system needs to be preserved. This study aims to identify the mindset of the younger generation of agroforestry and efforts should be made to build a positive mindset of the younger generation about agroforestry. The study was conducted on 50 students of Pattimura University and 50 students of senior high school in Ambon City. Qualitative descriptive analysis of the data showed that most of young generation didn’t understand about agroforestry, therefore didn’t feel responsible in maintaining the sustainability of agroforestry systems. In response to these conditions, the behavioral approach can be one approach to build a positive mindset for the younger generation about agroforestry because mindset can’t be separated from behavior.