International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)

Climate Change and Food Security Challenges: Empirical Investigations in Nigeria

2021-01-22T21:03:22+00:00

The baseline for the data analysis is a decadal dataset of World Bank, and Food Agricultural Organizations (FAO) spanning 2008-2017. The dataset captures all dimensions of food security index as: crop production, and livestock, cereal productivity, food availability, population density while index for annual normal rainfall round the years in total, and annual normal temperature degrees were extrac ted from database of Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NMA), with one state each representing the sample size drawn from six (6) geopolitical zones in Nigeria. North West (Kano), North East (Gombe), North Central (Benue), South West (Ondo), South East (Enugu) , and SouthSouth (CrossRiver); these states were chosen due to their installed capacity for food production in the country as enhanced by avalanche of arable lands with relative share of climate impacts. Bivariate Pearson Correlation (BPC) and Multiple Regressions Techniques (MRT) were employed to underpin the degree of interannual to intraannual responsiveness of normal climate change distribution at a time. However, relative share of climate impacts (independent variables) on food security parameters (dependent variables) as applicable to each states were determined using backward selection methods for the regression estimation. The result shows that climate changes pose high impacts to food productivity and sustainability in Nigeria.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data as a Land Cover Data Renewal in Pandanrejo Village, Kaligesing Sub-District, Purworejo

2021-01-22T20:33:08+00:00

The high activity of the community caused changes of the land cover in a region. The changes is needed to be renewed to support the actualisation of data in the field with the data on the map. Remote-sensing technology development is able to make the data renewal of a certain area to get easier. One of the strategies that can be done to make this data renewal is by using UAV technology. UAV or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle has various advantages, such as: it has real time and actual data. Moreover, it is cheaper and more effective technology which can be used to get high-resolution data. Pandanrejo village has a variety of land cover types according to its relief. Based on the visual interpretation and classification elements, there are 23 classification classes that refer to classification for detail scale mapping. Based on the aeral photograph, UAV can provide a detail data extraction on a 1:5000 scale. On that scale, field’s appearences, in the form of its vegetations, buildings, and other kind of appearances in Pandanrejo Vilage, Kaligesing Sub-district, Purworejo, can be seen and identified in detail way. This research is aimed to: (1) analyze and make a visual interpretation to what extent UAV can be used to make a land cover data renewal and land cover mapping and (2) provide the detail information about to what extent UAV can be used to make a land cover data renewal and land cover mapping. The method employed in this research was to do a visual interpretation by employing on screen digitization to get the land cover classification in order to make the land cover data renewal of Pandanrejo Village.

The results of this research are the Pandanrejo Village’s land cover mapping based on the analysis and visual interpretation of UAV data and also the update of Pandanrejo Village monograph data based on the interpretation process and calculation of the Pandanrejo Village’s land cover area.

Productive Workforce: Portrait, Role and Strategy in Bogor Regency

2021-01-22T20:15:36+00:00

The aim of this research is to describe the productive workforce based on its portrait, role and strategy in Bogor Regency. Based on portrait, the demographic changes are indicated by the increased productive age population and the decreased unproductive age population, then leading to the decreased dependency ratio. The sizes of productive aged population increase as consequences of the decreased fertility and mortality rates. Moreover, the sizes of productive aged population exceed the sizes of unproductive aged population. Based on role, productive working ages or productive workforce contribute its role to promote economic growth rate and GRDP per capita. The population structure changes contribute positively to promoting economic outputs, so that the dividend can be enjoyed from its demographic changes. Based on strategy, the role of productive workforce can be improved by investing labor supply, human capital, saving, and economic growth.

Should Africa Redefine Democracy and Human Rights?

2021-01-17T19:21:46+00:00

When discussing governance in Africa, one must be circumspect when applying the term "democracy", because the term is imprecise. It can refer to political competition and, in particular, open competition among rival political parties. However, there has been ongoing discussions on whether democracy be redefined to fit the local realities in Africa. But, will it be a denial of understanding as understood by the globe community? This paper will venture on the same by focusing the Africa continent as to whether concept of democracy should be re-evaluated? This discussion will showcase on democracy and human rights as seen the continent’s instruments. It will further address various principles as well as school of thoughts relating to democracy and human rights in the globe and Africa in particular.

Strand and Statehood Predictors of Senior High School Graduates: A Tracer Study

2021-01-15T18:25:41+00:00

Philippines has now graduated a couple of Senior High School (SHS) batches since its major education reform but not much was studied yet regarding its graduates. In view of tracing and learning of their status relative to the curriculum’s exits, this study is conceptualized. It aimed at profiling Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT) SHS graduates and determining which of these profiles explain statehood and SHS strand. Alignment of respondents’ SHS strands to their college courses and the absorption rate of the college were also determined. A researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to 2018 and 2019 ASCOT SHS graduates. Responses received were screened, grouped according to strand then randomly sampled. A total of 523 responses remained for analysis. This corresponds to 2.87% margin for error which is within the traditional 5%. Results showed that majority of the graduates are within the ages 19-21, a huge majority of the respondents belong to the lower income categories and that the number of male graduates is at par with females. Out of all the respondents enrolled in college, only one-half have courses aligned to their SHS strands while ASCOT has an absorption rate 75.42%. Relative to their statehood, 90.82% pursued college education, 4.02% are employed, 1.15% are entrepreneurs and 4.02% are layabouts. Sex, age and monthly family income explained the respondents chosen strand. Both sex and monthly family income explained the statehood. Basic education schools should establish a career guidance program that help students choose their SHS strand aligned to the college degree they wish to earn. GAD trainers are also recommended to include in their campaign the non-exclusivity of SHS strands and college courses for the rich or poor, male or female. TVL courses must be offered and strengthened in education as this is where many poor students enroll in view of skills ready for employment and entrepreneurship.