Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use among Poult Keepers in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Keywords:
Antimicrobial, Attitude Resistance, Dar es Salaam, Knowledge, PracticesAbstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health issue posing a threat to humans, livestock, and ecosystems globally, In Tanzania, the poultry sector contributes the majority share of animal-source protein. The irrational and excessive use of antimicrobials in the poultry sector may increase the risk of AMR residue contamination in the poultry products value chain. Addressing the challenge of AMR requires interventions from multiple stockholders including the poultry farmers. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate KAP regarding the use of antimicrobials among poultry keepers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The findings of the current investigation provide baseline evidence about the KAP of poultry farmers from Low-income resources and offer insights into designing interventions and policies for the use of AMU and AMR in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 using a quantitative research approach. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the KAP triad were assigned scorers and aggregated for each participant. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores.
Results: The results demonstrated that most of the respondents, 91.1%, had sufficient knowledge (?2 =151.143, p<0.001) regarding AMU and AMR. Furthermore, 61.2% of respondents had a negative attitude (?2 =11.161, p<0.001) and 89.7% had bad practice (?2 =141.416, p<0.001) towards AMU. Additionally, sex, age category, marital status, level of education, and occupation did not influence practice regarding AMU. The respondents’ practices from different districts varied significantly, with respondents from Temeke district having 4.282 poor practices compared to those from other districts (p=0.012, AOR=4.282, C. I 1.373-13.357). Surprisingly, the results also showed that having a secondary school education had an impact 0.42 times as other education levels on the knowledge of the AMU (p=0.01, AOR=0.42, C.I. =0.22-0.81)
Conclusion: The findings showed that having good knowledge regarding the use of antimicrobials does not guarantee one has good practices or a positive attitude regarding the use of antimicrobials in poultry production. The government should ensure education and advisory services for poultry farmers on proper AMU, enforce current veterinary laws and regulations on antimicrobials, and implement an AMU surveillance system. It is, therefore, necessary to create and bolster policies that support the responsible use of antimicrobials in poultry.
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