Characterizing Ochratoxin A Production in Aspergillus Section Nigri: A. foetidus var. pallidus as an Emerging Contributor
Keywords:
Ochratoxin A, Aspergillus, agar plug method, rice culture, HPLCAbstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, posing significant health risks to humans and animals. Among these, ochratoxins, primarily produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species, are recognized for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic properties. This study investigates the growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production of Aspergillus Section Nigri species isolated from grapes in the Aegean region of Turkey. The Agar Plug and Rice Culture methods were employed to assess OTA production. While Aspergillus carbonarius is widely known as the primary producer of OTA, the study also identified that 27% of Aspergillus foetidus var. pallidus strains produced OTA, with two strains exceeding 750 ppb in production. The Agar Plug method was found to be faster and more efficient compared to the Rice Culture method, with both methods yielding satisfactory recovery rates. These findings highlight the role of environmental factors in OTA production and suggest that A. foetidus var. pallidus could also significantly contribute to OTA contamination, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies in agriculture and food safety.
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