Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of Allium sativum Against Lactobacillus

Authors

  • Mr. Stanley Kiprop PG Student, Biomedical Science, University of Eastern Africa Baraton, P.O.BOX. 2500-30100 Eldoret, Kenya
  • Dr. Mutemi Muthangya Chair, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O.BOX 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya

Keywords:

Spices, Probiotic, Growth Inhibitory Effect, Natural Products

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to extract phytochemical components of Allium sativum and screen the phytochemical composition of allium extracts for bioactivity against Lactobacillus. The methanol extract of Allium sativum was obtained from a dried sample of garlic, was screened for phytochemical composition and tested for antimicrobial properties against probiotic bacteria lactobacillus. Antimicrobial analysis was done using agar well diffusion method where different concentration of garlic extract were tested against lactobacillus. The experiment was arranged in 3 replicates according to 4 treatments of different extract concentrations and in the control experiment the bacterial were grown without extract. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and flavonoids in garlic, but tannins were absent. The antibacterial activity of the extracts against the test lactobacillus showed inhibitory effect where different concentrations showed different inhibitory activities. This review goes over some relevant research that has already been done in this area where garlic has been tested for antimicrobial activities against numerous human pathogens. It therefore lays a ground for new research in testing allium varieties for antimicrobial activities against human resident microbes like lactobacillus that may be subject to susceptibility on these antimicrobial natural products.

References

. Teye, G. A., Mustapha, F. B., Abu, A., & Teye, M. (2013). “Effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder and sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf paste on sensory and nutritional qualities of beef and ham burgers–A preliminary study”. Available: www.sjoumals.comlindex.php.

. Nakatani, N. (1994). Antioxidative and antimicrobial constituents of herbs and spices. Spices, herbs and edible fungi. Available: https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10018787936/.

. Iwu, M. M. (1993). African medicinal plants (pp. 109-110). CRC Press, Maryland.

. Witkowska, A. M., Hickey, D. K., Alonso-Gomez, M., & Wilkinson, M. (2013). Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of commercial herb and spice extracts against selected food-borne bacteria. Journal of Food Research, 2(4), 37. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n4p37.

. Onwuliri, F. C., & Wonang, D. L. (2005). Studies on the combined antibacterial action of ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on some bacteria. Nigerian Journal of Botany, 18, 224-228. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23569978/.

. Dua, A., Garg, G., & Mahajan, R. (2013). Polyphenols, flavonoids and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller). European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(4), 203-208. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Polyphenols%2C-flavonoids-and-antimicrobial-of-of-Dua-Garg/d0a88e71f210d3a92f5eefc689169c5b204b7c01.

. Oranusi, S. U., Nwachukwu, C., Adekeye, B. T., Dahunsi, S. O., & Adeyemi, A. O. (2013). Microbial profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some imported spices in Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(6), 93-202. Available: http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/3332/#.YSKZMN9RW3A.

. Belguith, H., Kthiri, F., Ben Ammar, A., Jaafoura, H., Ben Hamida, J., & Landoulsi, A. (2009). Morphological and biochemical changes of Salmonella hadar exposed to aqueous garlic extract. Int J Morphol, 27(3). Available:https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0717-95022009000300013&lng=en&nrm=iso.

. Avato, P., Tursi, F., Vitali, C., Miccolis, V., & Candido, V. (2000). Allylsulfide constituents of garlic volatile oil as antimicrobial agents. Phytomedicine, 7(3), 239-243. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711300800100.

. Indu, M. N., Hatha, A. A. M., Abirosh, C., Harsha, U., & Vivekanandan, G. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of some of the south-Indian spices against serotypes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 37, 153-158. Available: https://www.scielo.br/j/bjm/a/RJbXFxzqqnYwLSP7GhsgTNC/abstract/?lang=en.

. Olusanmi, M. J., & Amadi, J. E. (2010). Studies on the antimicrobial properties and phytochemical screening of garlic (Allium sativum) extracts. Ethnobotanical leaflets, 2009(9), 10. Available: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ebl/vol2010/iss4/16/.

. Ali, M., & Ibrahim, I. S. (2019). Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of garlic (Allium sativum). Inorg Chem, 4, 478-482. Available: https://lupinepublishers.com/chemistry-journal/fulltext/phytochemical-screening-and-proximate-analysis-of-garlic-allium-sativum.ID.000180.php.

. Bin, C., Al-Dhabi, N. A., Esmail, G. A., Arokiyaraj, S., & Arasu, M. V. (2020). Potential effect of Allium sativum bulb for the treatment of biofilm forming clinical pathogens recovered from periodontal and dental caries. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(6), 1428-1434. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X2030111X.

. Olajuyigbe, O. O., & Afolayan, A. J. (2012). Synergistic interactions of methanolic extract of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical relevance. International journal of molecular sciences, 13(7), 8915-8932. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/7/8915.

Downloads

Published

2021-08-29

How to Cite

Kiprop , M. S. ., & Muthangya , D. M. . (2021). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Properties of Allium sativum Against Lactobacillus. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 60(1), 172–180. Retrieved from https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/12952

Issue

Section

Articles