Contribution of Wetland Resources to Household Incomes of Riparian Communities of Katonga Wetland in Mpigi District, Uganda

Abstract

Katonga wetland which lies to the western part of Lake Victoria covers an area of 237.4 km². Although the wetland is known to contain flora and fauna that support livelihoods, there has been lack of information on the economic value of these resources and their contribution to livelihoods particularly of the rural riparian communities. The objective of the study was to generate information on the vital wetland resources, the economic value and contribution of these resources to riparian community livelihoods. The study was carried out in Nkozi and Kituntu sub-counties in Mpigi District-Uganda; it covered six parishes through which the wetland runs and involved 120 respondents. The study established that resources in the wetland are collected for subsistence and direct commercial extraction. The most important resource derived from the wetland for subsistence use was water for rural domestic use with each household using an average of 188l per day (23l per person) and was estimated at an annual economic value of Uganda shillings (Ushs) 490,191 (U$ 233.4) per person per year. Fisheries were the most important commercial activities undertaken in these parts of the wetland involving 36% of respondents collecting an average of 119kg per week with an estimated annual value of Ushs. 3,991,367 (U$ 1,900.6) per person. These activities particularly collection of water and fuel wood are undertaken throughout the year, while harvesting of craft materials is mainly done during the dry season (January-March and June-August). Fishing is done mainly in the wet season (March-May and September-November).

he wetland is a source of income for at least 74% of the respondents. The majority of respondents, 57.5%, were among low income groups earning up to Ushs 600,000 per respondent annually. Fishing provides the highest gross incomes per respondent Ushs 200,000 per month hence the high value of the wetland to its riparian communities. It was noted that 30% of respondents depend on both the wetland and other activities with the wetland providing a buffer income source. It is recommended that the wetland hydrology which is vital for the sustainability of these activities be maintained through catchment improvement while sustainable harvesting levels be established for fishing activities. Environment management structures should be strengthened to sustainably manage the wetland. Local communities should also be sensitized about the importance of this wetland so that they can appreciate its ecosystem services and participate in its sustainable management.