Analysis of Spatial Conflicts : A Model of Coastal Spatial Planning with a Spatial Connectivity Approach
Keywords:
spatial conflict, conflict, spatial planning, zone, coastal.Abstract
Alternative policies to manage the seven key factors (zones) are: 1) setting static fisheries by first calculating the carrying capacity of the area for fishing activities; 2) setting seaweed farming activities by providing legal certainty through spatial planning for seaweed farming; 3) optimizing the land for the electrict power plant and oil and gas industry zone in the coastal border and conducting a review of the site of the power plant waste disposal by minimizing the impacts it may cause; 4) regulating sea course by establishing shipping lanes for coastal communities; and, 5) preserving the conservation areas in terms of quality and quantity.
Spatial conflicts seem unavoidable when the uses of coasts are to be managed. Mapping the conflict zones in coastal areas is required so that the conflicts can be properly managed. To do this, it is necessary to create a Model of Coastal Spatial Planning (MCSP) with a spatial connectivity approach. Based on the result of a prospective analysis, the zones which have a strong influence as well as a strong dependence (leverage variables) on the conditions of the coastal environment include static fisheries, seaweed farming, shipping lanes, electrict power plant, oil and gas industry, port and conservation. These zones are strong variables in the system of coastal areas. The zones that have a small influence but have a high dependence on the conditions of the coastal environment of Bontang City are the zones of tourism and coastal border.
References
Berkes F, C. Folke and J. Colding. Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 476 (2010) pp.285-288pp.
Blaber SJM,. Relationship between Tropical Coastal Habitat and (offshore) Fisheries I. Nagelkerken. (ed). Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg. London. New York. 615 (2009) pp.533-563.
Bourgeois R and F. Jesus. Participatory Prospective Analysis, Exploring and Anticipating Challenges with Stakeholders. Center for Alleviation of Poverty through Secondary Crops Development in Asia and the Pacific and French Agricultural Research Center for International Development. Monograph 46 (2004) pp.1 - 29.
Brown K., Tompkins E., Adger WN. Trade-off analysis for participatory coastal zone decision- making. Norwich; Oversees Development Group, University of East Anglia. .110 (2001) pp. 49-70
Brown G and CM. Raymond. Methods for identifying land use conflict potential using participatory mapping. Elsevier. Landscape and Urban Planning. 13 (2013) pp. 10-12.
Charles Anthony. Sustainable Fishery System. UK; Blackwell Science Ltd. 367 (2011)pp. 250-276
Clark DD. .Jones, CS. Holling. Lessons for ecological policy design: a case study of ecosystem management. Ecological Modeling, 7 (1979) pp. 2
Cooke RM. Experts in uncertainty: opinion and subjective probability in science. Oxford University Press, New York. 336 (1991) pp.19-33.
Cornelissen, A.M.G., Berg, J.V.D, Koops, W.J., and Kaymak, U. Elicitation of expert knowledge for fuzzy evaluation of agricultural production systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95 (2003) pp.1-18.
Crowder L B., G. Osherenko, O.R. Young, S. Airam
Dahuri R., Rais Y., Putra S.G., Sitepu. M.J. Management of coastal and ocean resource integrated. Jakarta; PT. Pradnya Paramita. 1996. 305pp.
Dalton T., R. Thompson, D. Jin. Mapping human dimensions in marine spatial planning and management: An example from narragansett bay, R. I. Mar. Policy 34 (2010) pp.309
Diposaptono Subandono. Building the world maritime axis: In perspective of marine spatial planning. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands. Marine Spatial Planning Directorate, Coastal and Small Islands. Jakarta. 328 (2015) pp.196
Douvere F C., N. Ehler. New perspectives on sea use management: initial findings from European experience with marine spatial planning, J. Environ. Manag. 90 (2009) pp..77
Ehler C and F. Douvere. Visions for a sea change. Report of the first international workshop on marine spatial planning, UNESCO, IOC. (2007) 83p.
Fisher S, Abdi DK, Ludin J, Smith R, Williams S and Williams S. 2001. Managing conflict: the skills and strategies for action. The British Council, Jakarta, Indonesia. (2001) 224p.
Fletcher A, Guthrie J, Steane P, Roos G, Pike. Mapping stakeholders perception for a third sector organization. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 4 (2003) pp.505
Folke C. Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social
Godet, M., 1996. La Boite
Halpern B S., S. Walbridge, K.A. Selkoe, C.V. Kappel, F. Micheli, C. D'Agrosa. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, Science 319 (2008) pp.948
Nguyen TG. A methodology for validation of integrated systems models with an application to coastal-zone management in south-west sulawesi, dissertation. ISBN 90-365-2227-7. Printed by: Print Partners Ipskamp, 138 (2005) pp. 49 -64.
Lorenzen K., R.S. Steneck, R.R. Warner, A.M. Parma, F.C. Coleman, K.M. Leber, The spatial dimensions of fisheries: putting it all in place, Bull. Mar. Sci. 86 (2010) 169
Prestelo L., E.M Vianna. Identifying multiple-use conflicts prior to marine spatial planning: A case study of A multi-legislative estuary in Brazil. Elsevier. Marine Policy. 67 (2013) pp. 83-93.
Riolo F A. Geographic information system for fisheries management in american samoa, environ. Model. Softw. 21 (2006) pp.1025
Sanchirico J N, J. Eagle, S. Palumbi, B.H. Thompson Jr. Comprehensive plan ning, dominant-use zones, and user rights: S New Era In Ocean Governance, Bull. Mar. Sci. 86 (2010) pp. 1
Satori, Djam
Turner R K., W.N. Adger and I. Lorenzoni. Towards integrated modeling and analysis in coastal zones: principles and practices, LOICZ Reports & Studies No. 11, iv + 122 pp. LOICZ IPO, Texel, The Netherlands. 1998.
Turner R K., J.C.J.M Van den Bergh.,T. So ?derqvist., A.Barendregt,. J. van der Straaten., E. Maltby,. E.C. van Ierland. The values of wetlands: landscape and institutional perspectives ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy. Elsevier. Vol. 35 (200) pp. 7-23.
Tuda A O., T.F. Steven L. D. Rodwell. Resolving coastal conflicts using marine spatial planning Elsevier. Journal of Environmental Management. 133 (2014) pp. 59-68.
Worm B., R. Hilborn, J.K. Baum, T. a Branch, J.S. Collie, C. Costello. 2009. Re Building Global Fisheries, Science 325(2009) pp. 578
Young O R., G. Osherenko, J. Ekstrom, L.B. Crowder, J. Ogden, J.A. Wilson, 2007., Solving the crisis in Ocean Governance: place-based management of marine ecosystems, Environment 49 (2007) pp. 20
Zio, E., 1996. On the use of the analytical hierarchy process in the aggregation of expert judgments. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 53 (1996) pp. 127-138.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
